So if your card doesn't register in the PC, what makes you think it will register with an Arduino?
Fire up a linux distro..
IE Debian or a spin off say Ubuntu
sudo fdisk -l
@sublimeartistry it does matter if the PC recognizes the card or not. See it could be recognized yet partition is bad. This is a recoverable situation. BUT from the sounds of it.... THIS SD card is dead. That most likely means it's beyond recovery
USING fdisk, do you see the card listed??
If so you can also use
sudo testdisk
IF the disk registers, you can attempt to recover the partition..
You are wasting your time with that Arduino route. Why? I used to do data recovery for a living.... IF the SD card is dead, well it's dead. More time then its worth. What is the lesson? Take a backup of your files.... OR be okay with loosing them. I will always suggest a good backup for anyone not doing it. If even monthly. You'll surely loose less data.